TheoremBase

Free Additive Convolution of Two Noncommutative Laws

The free additive convolution of two laws of d variables is the law of the sum of free tuples with those laws.

Statement

In the setting of Noncommutative Laws, Couplings and the Wasserstein Distance: Standing Notation, let add=(A,0)\mathrm{add}=(A,0) be the affine datum from 2d2d to dd variables with Aij=1A_{ij}=1 if j=ij=i or j=d+ij=d+i, and Aij=0A_{ij}=0 otherwise (i∈[d]i\in[d], j∈[2d]j\in[2d]); its tuple is (x1+xd+1,…,xd+x2d)(x_{1}+x_{d+1},\dots,x_{d}+x_{2d}).

For α,β∈Σd\alpha,\beta\in\Sigma_{d}, the free additive convolution of α\alpha and β\beta is the law

α⊞β=(α⋆β)∘σadd∈Σd,\alpha\boxplus\beta=(\alpha\star\beta)\circ\sigma_{\mathrm{add}}\in\Sigma_{d},

where α⋆β∈Σ2d\alpha\star\beta\in\Sigma_{2d} is the free product (for m=n=dm=n=d) and σadd\sigma_{\mathrm{add}} is the affine substitution; it belongs to Σd\Sigma_{d} by Affine Substitutions of Noncommutative Laws: Self-Adjointness, Composition, Moment Formulas and Positivity, and the Coordinate Data §self-adjoint.

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