TheoremBase

Differentiating a Convolution through the Kernel

Statement

Let nn, Ω\Omega, ff, δ\delta, ρ\rho, the set Ωδ\Omega^{\delta} and the convolution f∗ρf*\rho be as in Convolution of a Continuous Function with a Compactly Supported Continuous Kernel, let ∥ ⋅ ∥\lVert\,\cdot\,\rVert be the Euclidean norm on Rn\mathbb{R}^n and let dd denote the Euclidean distance. Assume in addition that ρ\rho is of class C1C^1 on Rn\mathbb{R}^n, and let i∈{1,…,n}i\in\{1,\dots,n\}.

1. (The differentiated kernel) The partial derivative of ρ\rho with respect to the iith variable exists at every point of Rn\mathbb{R}^n; the resulting function ∂iρ:Rn→R\partial_i\rho:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R} is continuous on Rn\mathbb{R}^n as a map from (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^n,d) to (R,d)(\mathbb{R},d), and ∂iρ(y)=0\partial_i\rho(y)=0 for every y∈Rny\in\mathbb{R}^n with ∥y∥>δ\lVert y\rVert>\delta. Consequently Convolution of a Continuous Function with a Compactly Supported Continuous Kernel applies verbatim with the kernel ∂iρ\partial_i\rho in place of ρ\rho and the same nn, Ω\Omega, ff and δ\delta, and the convolution f∗(∂iρ)f*(\partial_i\rho) is a real-valued function on the same set Ωδ\Omega^{\delta}.

2. (Differentiation through the kernel) The set Ωδ\Omega^{\delta} is open in Rn\mathbb{R}^n, the partial derivative of f∗ρf*\rho with respect to the iith variable exists at every point of Ωδ\Omega^{\delta}, and

∂i(f∗ρ)(x)=(f∗(∂iρ))(x)for every x∈Ωδ.\partial_i(f*\rho)(x)=\bigl(f*(\partial_i\rho)\bigr)(x)\qquad\text{for every }x\in\Omega^{\delta}.

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