TheoremBase

The Noise Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Functional of a Probability Measure at a Bounded C2C^2 Function of Finitely Many Coordinates

For a probability measure with finite second moment and a bounded C2C^2 function g of the first n coordinates, the noise Ornstein-Uhlenbeck functional is the ak−weighteda_k-weighted sum of the integrals of xkx_k times the k-th partial derivative of g divided by ckc_k, minus the k-th pure second partial derivative. Its sign is that of the Hilbert relative score, which is opposite to the sign of the Euclidean Ornstein-Uhlenbeck functional.

Statement

In the setting of A Diagonal Gaussian Reference Measure on the Noise Wasserstein Space, Rescaled Heads and Gaussian Tails: Standing Notation, let μ∈P2(X)\mu\in\mathcal{P}_{2}(X), the set of The Second Moment of a Borel Probability Measure on a Hilbert Space and the Probability Measures with Finite Second Moment §space, let n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}, and let g∈Cb2(Rn)g\in C^{2}_{b}(\mathbb{R}^{n}), the set of Bounded Twice Continuously Differentiable Functions with Bounded First and Second Partial Derivatives on Euclidean Space §bounded with q=nq=n, with partial derivatives ∂kg\partial_{k}g and ∂j∂kg\partial_{j}\partial_{k}g as in Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation §derivatives. For k∈[n]k\in[n], ∂kg\partial_{k}g is of class C1C^{1} on Rn\mathbb{R}^{n} by clause 2 of C^k Maps on a Euclidean Open Set, and it is bounded with bounded partial derivatives ∂j∂kg\partial_{j}\partial_{k}g by Bounded Twice Continuously Differentiable Functions with Bounded First and Second Partial Derivatives on Euclidean Space §bounded; so ∂kg\partial_{k}g belongs to the set Cb1(Rn)C^{1}_{b}(\mathbb{R}^{n}) of Bounded Continuously Differentiable Functions with Bounded Partial Derivatives on Euclidean Space §bounded, and (∂kg)∘pn(\partial_{k}g)\circ p_{n} is a bounded C1C^{1} cylindrical function. Hence the function x↦xk ∂kg(pn(x))x\mapsto x_{k}\,\partial_{k}g(p_{n}(x)) is integrable with respect to μ\mu by Bounded C^1 Cylindrical Functions: Linear Structure, the Gradient and the Partial Derivatives, Bounds and Integrability, and Density in the Square-Integrable Functions §coordinate-integrable. The function ∂k∂kg\partial_{k}\partial_{k}g is bounded by Bounded Twice Continuously Differentiable Functions with Bounded First and Second Partial Derivatives on Euclidean Space §bounded, and it is continuous at every point in the sense of clause 1 of C^k Maps on a Euclidean Open Set, applied to the function ∂kg\partial_{k}g of class C1C^{1}; since dE(y,y′)=∥y−y′∥≥0d_{E}(y,y')=\lVert y-y'\rVert\ge0 by Elementary Properties of the Euclidean Norm on Rn\mathbb{R}^n §distance and ∥y−y′∥2=∑j=1n(yj−yj′)2\lVert y-y'\rVert^{2}=\sum_{j=1}^{n}(y_{j}-y'_{j})^{2} by Elementary Properties of the Euclidean Norm on Rn\mathbb{R}^n §square, the condition ∑j=1n(yj−yj′)2<δ2\sum_{j=1}^{n}(y_{j}-y'_{j})^{2}<\delta^{2} is equivalent to dE(y,y′)<δd_{E}(y,y')<\delta, and for real numbers (s−s′)2<ε2(s-s')^{2}<\varepsilon^{2} is equivalent to ∣s−s′∣<ε|s-s'|<\varepsilon, so ∂k∂kg\partial_{k}\partial_{k}g is continuous from (Rn,dE)(\mathbb{R}^{n},d_{E}) to R\mathbb{R} with the absolute-value metric. Hence it is Borel by claim 3 of Borel Measurability and Bounded Integration on a Metric Space, the Borel σ\sigma-algebra of the real line with that metric being B(R)\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R}) by claim 2 of that lemma. The map pnp_{n} is Borel by Borel Sets of a Hilbert Space with an Orthonormal Basis: Coordinates, Determination by Finite-Dimensional Projections, and Pairs §continuity, so the function x↦∂k∂kg(pn(x))x\mapsto\partial_{k}\partial_{k}g(p_{n}(x)) is Borel by claim 4 of Borel Measurability and Bounded Integration on a Metric Space, and bounded; so it is integrable with respect to the probability measure μ\mu by claim 6(b) of that lemma. The positive numbers ckc_{k} and aka_{k} are those of A Diagonal Gaussian Reference Measure on the Noise Wasserstein Space, Rescaled Heads and Gaussian Tails: Standing Notation §gaussian and Probability Measures on a Hilbert Space Transported in the Noise Norm: Standing Notation §weights.

(The noise Ornstein-Uhlenbeck functional) The noise Ornstein-Uhlenbeck functional of μ\mu at gg is the real number

Lμa(g)=∑k=1nak∫X(xkck ∂kg(pn(x))−∂k∂kg(pn(x)))μ(dx),L^{a}_{\mu}(g)=\sum_{k=1}^{n}a_{k}\int_{X}\Bigl(\frac{x_{k}}{c_{k}}\,\partial_{k}g(p_{n}(x))-\partial_{k}\partial_{k}g(p_{n}(x))\Bigr)\mu(dx),

each integrand being integrable with respect to μ\mu as the difference of the two integrable functions above, the first multiplied by ck−1c_{k}^{-1}, by Linearity and Monotonicity of the Lebesgue Integral §integrable.

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