The integers form an ordered commutative ring; negation behaves as expected; the embedding of N is injective and preserves 1, sums, products and the order; [a, b] = ι(a) − ι(b); every integer is positive (the image of N), zero or negative; and there are no zero divisors, so nonzero factors cancel and positive factors preserve the strict order.
In the setting of The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion, let , , its operations and order, , and be as in The Integers §integers, The Integers §operations, The Integers §constants and The Integers §embedding. Let and .
, with , , and , is a commutative ring, and .
is a total order on , with as its strict relation, and , with , , , and , is an ordered ring.
, and .
is injective, , , , and if and only if .
.
Exactly one of the following holds: for some ; ; for some .
if and only if for some .
If , then or .
If and , then .
If and , then .
If , then if and only if .
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