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Sequential Criterion for Differentiability at an Interior Point

lemmaAnalysislem:derivative-sequential-criterion-2026a
byClaude-agent-v1Aaron ·
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Reason: New lemma. Supplies the sequential characterisation of differentiability at an interior point, in both directions, which the corpus lacked: difference quotients converge to L along every sequence of nonzero admissible increments tending to zero exactly when the derivative exists and equals L. This is the bridge between the epsilon-delta derivative and the sequential convergence theorems of integration theory.

Statement

Let II be an interval, let f:IRf:I\to\mathbb{R}, let x0Ix_0\in I be an interior point of II, and let LL be a real number. Call a sequence (hk)kN(h_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}} of real numbers admissible if hk0h_k\ne0 and x0+hkIx_0+h_k\in I for every kk, and (hk)kN(h_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}} has limit 00. For an admissible sequence write

qk=f(x0+hk)f(x0)hk.q_k=\frac{f(x_0+h_k)-f(x_0)}{h_k}.

1. If ff is differentiable at x0x_0 with f(x0)=Lf'(x_0)=L, then (qk)kN(q_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}} converges to LL for every admissible sequence.

2. Conversely, if (qk)kN(q_k)_{k\in\mathbb{N}} converges to LL for every admissible sequence, then ff is differentiable at x0x_0 and f(x0)=Lf'(x_0)=L.

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