TheoremBase

Continuity of Identity Maps, Compositions and Reciprocals

The identity map of a subset of a metric space is continuous on it; a composition of maps continuous at corresponding points, relative to their domains, is continuous there; and the reciprocal of a nonvanishing real function on a subset of the real line is continuous wherever the function is.

Statement

In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, metric spaces are as in Metric Space (vi), and continuity at a point relative to a subset and on a subset are as in Continuous Map Between Metric Spaces (i) and Continuous Map Between Metric Spaces (ii).

Let (X,d)(X,d) be a metric space and A⊆XA\subseteq X. The identity map A→XA\to X, u↦uu\mapsto u (Values, Restriction and Equality of a Map, and the Map u↦t(u)u\mapsto t(u) as a Defined Set Symbol (v)), is continuous on AA.

Let (X,dX)(X,d_{X}), (Y,dY)(Y,d_{Y}) and (Z,dZ)(Z,d_{Z}) be metric spaces, let A⊆XA\subseteq X and B⊆YB\subseteq Y, let f:A→Yf:A\to Y satisfy f(u)∈Bf(u)\in B for every u∈Au\in A, and let g:B→Zg:B\to Z. Then ff is also a map A→BA\to B, by Functions, Values of a Function, and Functions from One Class to Another (iii) and Basic Properties of Functions: Equality, Composition, Identity, Inverse and Restriction (v), and g∘f:A→Zg\circ f:A\to Z is the composition, with (g∘f)(u)=g(f(u))(g\circ f)(u)=g(f(u)) for u∈Au\in A, by Basic Properties of Functions: Equality, Composition, Identity, Inverse and Restriction (ii). If ff is continuous at x∈Ax\in A relative to AA and gg is continuous at f(x)f(x) relative to BB, then g∘fg\circ f is continuous at xx relative to AA. If ff is continuous on AA and gg is continuous on BB, then g∘fg\circ f is continuous on AA.

Let dRd_{\mathbb{R}} be the distance on R\mathbb{R}, a metric by The Absolute Value Metric on the Real Numbers (i), and read maps from a subset of R\mathbb{R} into R\mathbb{R} as maps from that subset of (R,dR)(\mathbb{R},d_{\mathbb{R}}) into (R,dR)(\mathbb{R},d_{\mathbb{R}}). Let E⊆RE\subseteq\mathbb{R}, let g:E→Rg:E\to\mathbb{R} satisfy g(t)≠0g(t)\neq0 for every t∈Et\in E, and let 1/g:E→R1/g:E\to\mathbb{R} be the map t↦1/g(t)t\mapsto1/g(t) (Values, Restriction and Equality of a Map, and the Map u↦t(u)u\mapsto t(u) as a Defined Set Symbol (v)), with quotients as in Negatives, Differences, Reciprocals and Quotients (ii). If gg is continuous at x∈Ex\in E relative to EE, then so is 1/g1/g. If gg is continuous on EE, then so is 1/g1/g.

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