Pairs (x, m) of an integer and a natural number, thought of as x/m, with (x, m) ≈ (y, n) when x·n = y·m, form an equivalence relation; on the classes [x, m] there are unique sum, product, negation and order given by the usual formulas.
In the setting of The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion, let , its operations and order, and be as in The Integers §integers, The Integers §operations and The Integers §embedding. Let and let be the relation on with if and only if , for all and , given by Maps and Relations Given by Formulas §relation.
is an equivalence relation on . Write for the quotient and for the class of .
is a set whose elements are exactly the classes with and , and for all and , if and only if .
There are unique binary operations and on , a unique map from to itself and a unique relation on such that, for all and ,
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