A Lipschitz function on Euclidean space is differentiable outside a Borel null set, with derivative the vector of its partial derivatives and with gradient bounded by the Lipschitz constant; the same holds for locally Lipschitz maps into on an open set.
We work in the setting of Euclidean Space and Lebesgue Measure: Standing Notation, whose notation is fixed for every dimension and is used here with natural numbers satisfying and : the Euclidean norm , dot product, distance , notion of openness and closed balls, the Borel -algebra , Lebesgue measure , the notion of a null subset, and the convention that Lipschitz maps between subsets of Euclidean spaces are understood for the restricted Euclidean distances, are as fixed there.
Let with and let be Lipschitz with constant , that is for all . Where all partial derivatives of exist at a point , we write for the gradient of at . Then the following hold.
1. (Differentiability almost everywhere) ¶ There is a set with such that for every all partial derivatives of exist at and, for every with , there is with such that
2. (Identification of the derivative) ¶ At every point as in claim 1, the function is differentiable with derivative matrix the real matrix with one row and columns whose entries are for ; by claim 2 of A Derivative Matrix is the Jacobian Matrix, and is Unique this matrix is the Jacobian matrix of at .
3. (Bound on the gradient) ¶ At every point as in claim 1 one has .
4. (Locally Lipschitz maps into ) ¶ Let be open and let be locally Lipschitz on . Then the set of those at which is not differentiable is null. At every at which is differentiable, the derivative matrix of at is the real matrix with rows and columns whose entry in row and column is the partial derivative of the th coordinate function of .
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