Supporting Lines, Composition and Jensen's Inequality for a Convex Lipschitz Integrand
lemmaAnalysisProbabilitylem:jensen-integral-convex-integrand-2026aA convex Lipschitz integrand has a supporting line at every point of the half-line; composed with a nonnegative measurable function it stays measurable and lies between 0 and L times the function; and on a probability space it satisfies Jensen's inequality.
In the setting of Measure Spaces and the Lebesgue Integral: Standing Notation, let be a measure space; measurability of real-valued maps on and integrals are those of Measure Spaces and the Lebesgue Integral: Standing Notation §measurable and Measure Spaces and the Lebesgue Integral: Standing Notation §integral. Write for the set of nonnegative real numbers, as in Convex Lipschitz Integrands, let be nonnegative, and let be a convex Lipschitz integrand with constant . Then the following hold.
1. (Supporting lines)¶ For every there is a real number with
2. (Composition)¶ Let be measurable with for every . Then is measurable, and for every . If moreover is integrable, then is integrable and
3. (Jensen's inequality)¶ Suppose that , and let be as in claim 2 and integrable. Then belongs to , and
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