For σ-finite measure spaces, the integral of a nonnegative product-measurable function against the product measure equals both iterated integrals (Tonelli); for an integrable function the sections are integrable outside a null set, and the iterated integral, set to zero on that null set, is integrable with the same integral (Fubini), in either order.
Tonelli's theorem. Let f∈M+(X×Y,F⊗G). Then fx∈M+(Y,G) and fy∈M+(X,F) for all x∈X and y∈Y, the functions x↦∫Yfxdν and y↦∫Xfydμ lie in M+(X,F) and M+(Y,G), and
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