TheoremBase

Addition and Multiplication on [0,∞]

Defines the sum and the product on [0,∞]: real operations on real arguments, ∞ otherwise, with the convention 0·∞ = ∞·0 = 0.

Statement

In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, let R\mathbb{R}, its order ≤\le, its sum, its product and its elements 00 and 11 be as in The Real Numbers, with the Natural Numbers, Integers and Rationals Identified with Subsets of the Reals, and Completeness (ii), and let ∞\infty and [0,∞][0,\infty] be as in The Extended Real Line, Its Order, and [0,∞] (i) and The Extended Real Line, Its Order, and [0,∞] (ii). For p∈[0,∞]×[0,∞]p\in[0,\infty]\times[0,\infty], p=(p1,p2)p=(p_{1},p_{2}) with the components p1,p2∈[0,∞]p_{1},p_{2}\in[0,\infty] (Membership in a Cartesian Product, and the Cartesian Product of Two Sets Is a Set (i)).

The sum on [0,∞][0,\infty] is the binary operation ++ on [0,∞][0,\infty] with x+yx+y the sum in R\mathbb{R} if x,y∈Rx,y\in\mathbb{R}, and x+y=∞x+y=\infty otherwise, for x,y∈[0,∞]x,y\in[0,\infty]. It exists and is unique by Maps Defined by Cases (i), applied on [0,∞]×[0,∞][0,\infty]\times[0,\infty] to the condition p1,p2∈Rp_{1},p_{2}\in\mathbb{R}: for real x,yx,y with 0≤x0\le x and 0≤y0\le y, the real sum x+yx+y is real with 0≤x+y0\le x+y, so it lies in [0,∞][0,\infty], and ∞∈[0,∞]\infty\in[0,\infty].

The product on [0,∞][0,\infty] is the binary operation ⋅\cdot on [0,∞][0,\infty], with x⋅yx\cdot y also written xyxy, such that for x,y∈[0,∞]x,y\in[0,\infty]: xyxy is the product in R\mathbb{R} if x,y∈Rx,y\in\mathbb{R}; xy=0xy=0 if x=0x=0 or y=0y=0; and xy=∞xy=\infty otherwise. The elements 00 and 11 of R\mathbb{R} lie in [0,∞][0,\infty], as 0≤00\le0 and 0≤10\le1 in R\mathbb{R}. The first two cases agree where they overlap, as a real product with a factor 00 is 00. It exists and is unique by two applications of Maps Defined by Cases (i): first to the map h:[0,∞]×[0,∞]→[0,∞]h:[0,\infty]\times[0,\infty]\to[0,\infty] with h(p)=∞h(p)=\infty if p1=∞p_{1}=\infty and p2≠0p_{2}\neq0, or p2=∞p_{2}=\infty and p1≠0p_{1}\neq0, and h(p)=0h(p)=0 otherwise; then to the map with value the real product p1p2p_{1}p_{2} if p1,p2∈Rp_{1},p_{2}\in\mathbb{R}, which is real with 0≤p1p20\le p_{1}p_{2}, and h(p)h(p) otherwise. If not both of x,yx,y are real, then one of them is ∞\infty, and h(x,y)=0h(x,y)=0 exactly when the other is 00; so the values are those stated.

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