Addition and multiplication of the natural numbers with zero, and of any commutative ring, are associative and commutative binary operations with neutral elements 0 and 1.
In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, with , and as in The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion (ii):
The natural numbers with zero. The addition of is an associative and commutative binary operation on with neutral element , and the multiplication of is an associative and commutative binary operation on with neutral element .
Commutative rings. If , with , , and , is a commutative ring, then is an associative and commutative binary operation on with neutral element , and is an associative and commutative binary operation on with neutral element .
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