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Sequential Characterization of Closed Subsets of a Metric Space

Statement

Let (X,d)(X,d) be a metric space, and let Td\mathcal{T}_d be the collection of all subsets of XX that are open in (X,d)(X,d), which is a topology on XX by Metric Open Sets Form a Topology. Let A⊆XA\subseteq X, and let N\mathbb{N} denote the natural numbers.

Then AA is closed in the topological space (X,Td)(X,\mathcal{T}_d) if and only if the following condition holds: for every sequence (xm)m∈N(x_m)_{m\in\mathbb{N}} in XX such that xm∈Ax_m\in A for every m∈Nm\in\mathbb{N}, and every point x∈Xx\in X such that (xm)m∈N(x_m)_{m\in\mathbb{N}} converges to xx in (X,d)(X,d), one has x∈Ax\in A.

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