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Uniqueness for the Forward Equation of a Bounded Jump-Rate Family on a Finite Set

lemmaProbabilitylem:finite-state-forward-equation-uniqueness-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: P6 transfer chain: uniqueness for the forward equation of a bounded jump-rate family on a finite set, with the notion of a solution of the forward equation used throughout P6.

Statement

Let R\mathbb{R} be the real numbers, let EE be a nonempty finite set, let T>0T>0 and Λ0\Lambda\ge0 be real numbers, and let r[0,T)r\in[0,T). For u[0,T]u\in[0,T] and x,yEx,y\in E with xyx\neq y let qu(x,y)0q_u(x,y)\ge0 be real numbers such that, for all such x,yx,y, the map uqu(x,y)u\mapsto q_u(x,y) is measurable on [0,T][0,T] with respect to the trace Borel σ\sigma-algebra B[0,T]\mathcal{B}_{[0,T]} (below, B[r,T]\mathcal{B}_{[r,T]} denotes the trace Borel σ\sigma-algebra on [r,T][r,T]), and such that

yE,yxqu(x,y)Λfor all u[0,T] and xE.\sum_{y\in E,\,y\neq x}q_u(x,y)\le\Lambda\qquad\text{for all }u\in[0,T]\text{ and }x\in E.

For a function F:ERF:E\to\mathbb{R} and u[0,T]u\in[0,T] define LuF:ER\mathcal{L}_uF:E\to\mathbb{R} by

LuF(x)=yE,yxqu(x,y)(F(y)F(x))(xE).\mathcal{L}_uF(x)=\sum_{y\in E,\,y\neq x}q_u(x,y)\bigl(F(y)-F(x)\bigr)\qquad(x\in E).

For a function μ:E[0,)\mu:E\to[0,\infty) and F:ERF:E\to\mathbb{R} write μ(F)=xEμ(x)F(x)\mu(F)=\sum_{x\in E}\mu(x)F(x).

A family (μu)u[r,T](\mu_u)_{u\in[r,T]} of functions μu:E[0,)\mu_u:E\to[0,\infty) is called a solution of the forward equation on [r,T][r,T] (for the rates qq) if:

(i) for every xEx\in E the map uμu(x)u\mapsto\mu_u(x) is bounded and measurable on [r,T][r,T] with respect to B[r,T]\mathcal{B}_{[r,T]}; and

(ii) for every F:ERF:E\to\mathbb{R} and every t[r,T]t\in[r,T],

μt(F)=μr(F)+[r,t]μu(LuF)du,\mu_t(F)=\mu_r(F)+\int_{[r,t]}\mu_u(\mathcal{L}_uF)\,du,

the Lebesgue integral over the compact interval [r,t][r,t] (read as 00 when t=rt=r) of the map uμu(LuF)=xEμu(x)LuF(x)u\mapsto\mu_u(\mathcal{L}_uF)=\sum_{x\in E}\mu_u(x)\,\mathcal{L}_uF(x), which is bounded and measurable on [r,T][r,T] under (i) and the rate hypotheses by Arithmetic, Absolute Values, and Pointwise Limits of Measurable Real-Valued Functions, the restriction to [r,T][r,T] of a B[0,T]\mathcal{B}_{[0,T]}-measurable map being B[r,T]\mathcal{B}_{[r,T]}-measurable (its preimages are intersections of members of B[0,T]\mathcal{B}_{[0,T]} with [r,T][r,T]), and a bounded measurable function on [r,t][r,t] being integrable there since the interval has finite measure.

Then: if (μu)u[r,T](\mu_u)_{u\in[r,T]} and (νu)u[r,T](\nu_u)_{u\in[r,T]} are two solutions of the forward equation on [r,T][r,T] for the same rates qq with μr=νr\mu_r=\nu_r, then μt=νt\mu_t=\nu_t for every t[r,T]t\in[r,T].

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