In the setting of Metric Spaces: Balls, the Metric Topology, and the Real and Complex Numbers as Metric Spaces , let m , n , p ∈ N m,n,p\in\mathbb{N} m , n , p ∈ N , with real matrices and their entries , points of R n \mathbb{R}^{n} R n and their components as in Euclidean Space R n \mathbb{R}^n R n : n-Tuples of Real Numbers with Their Componentwise Operations §membership , and sums as in Commutative Rings, Fields and Ordered Fields: Standard Notation §rings .
¶ There is exactly one map π : M m × n ( R ) × M n × p ( R ) → M m × p ( R ) \pi:\mathcal{M}_{m\times n}(\mathbb{R})\times\mathcal{M}_{n\times p}(\mathbb{R})\to\mathcal{M}_{m\times p}(\mathbb{R}) π : M m × n ( R ) × M n × p ( R ) → M m × p ( R ) such that π ( A , B ) i k = ∑ j = 1 n A i j B j k \pi(A,B)_{ik}=\sum_{j=1}^{n}A_{ij}B_{jk} π ( A , B ) ik = ∑ j = 1 n A ij B jk for all A ∈ M m × n ( R ) A\in\mathcal{M}_{m\times n}(\mathbb{R}) A ∈ M m × n ( R ) , B ∈ M n × p ( R ) B\in\mathcal{M}_{n\times p}(\mathbb{R}) B ∈ M n × p ( R ) , i ∈ [ m ] i\in[m] i ∈ [ m ] and k ∈ [ p ] k\in[p] k ∈ [ p ] .
¶ There is exactly one map ϕ : M m × n ( R ) × R n → R m \phi:\mathcal{M}_{m\times n}(\mathbb{R})\times\mathbb{R}^{n}\to\mathbb{R}^{m} ϕ : M m × n ( R ) × R n → R m such that ϕ ( A , x ) i = ∑ j = 1 n A i j x j \phi(A,x)_{i}=\sum_{j=1}^{n}A_{ij}x_{j} ϕ ( A , x ) i = ∑ j = 1 n A ij x j for all A ∈ M m × n ( R ) A\in\mathcal{M}_{m\times n}(\mathbb{R}) A ∈ M m × n ( R ) , x ∈ R n x\in\mathbb{R}^{n} x ∈ R n and i ∈ [ m ] i\in[m] i ∈ [ m ] .
¶ There is exactly one map τ : M m × n ( R ) → M n × m ( R ) \tau:\mathcal{M}_{m\times n}(\mathbb{R})\to\mathcal{M}_{n\times m}(\mathbb{R}) τ : M m × n ( R ) → M n × m ( R ) such that τ ( A ) j i = A i j \tau(A)_{ji}=A_{ij} τ ( A ) ji = A ij for all A ∈ M m × n ( R ) A\in\mathcal{M}_{m\times n}(\mathbb{R}) A ∈ M m × n ( R ) , i ∈ [ m ] i\in[m] i ∈ [ m ] and j ∈ [ n ] j\in[n] j ∈ [ n ] .
¶ There is exactly one map t : M n ( R ) → R t:\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{R})\to\mathbb{R} t : M n ( R ) → R such that t ( A ) = ∑ i = 1 n A i i t(A)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}A_{ii} t ( A ) = ∑ i = 1 n A ii for all A ∈ M n ( R ) A\in\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{R}) A ∈ M n ( R ) .
¶ There is exactly one E ∈ M n ( R ) E\in\mathcal{M}_{n}(\mathbb{R}) E ∈ M n ( R ) such that, for all i , j ∈ [ n ] i,j\in[n] i , j ∈ [ n ] , E i j = 1 E_{ij}=1 E ij = 1 if i = j i=j i = j and E i j = 0 E_{ij}=0 E ij = 0 if i ≠ j i\neq j i = j .
¶ For every k ∈ [ n ] k\in[n] k ∈ [ n ] there is exactly one e ∈ R n e\in\mathbb{R}^{n} e ∈ R n such that, for all i ∈ [ n ] i\in[n] i ∈ [ n ] , e i = 1 e_{i}=1 e i = 1 if i = k i=k i = k and e i = 0 e_{i}=0 e i = 0 if i ≠ k i\neq k i = k .