The images of 0 and 1 in a commutative ring are its zero and unit, and the image of a sum, product, difference, power, finite sum or finite product of natural numbers with zero is the corresponding expression in the images.
In the setting of The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion, let , with , , and , be a commutative ring, let , and let and be their images in . Let in be as in Negatives, Differences, Reciprocals and Quotients §negative, for in as in The Difference of Two Natural Numbers with Zero §difference, powers in and in as in Powers with Exponents in the Natural Numbers with Zero §power and Powers with Exponents in the Natural Numbers with Zero §zero, and finite sums and products in and in as in Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval §operation and Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval §empty; these apply in because and are associative and commutative with neutral elements and by Commutative Rings §ring, on both sides by commutativity, and in by The Natural Numbers and the Natural Numbers with Zero: Arithmetic, Order, Induction and Recursion §laws.
is the zero of , and is the unit of .
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If , then .
for every .
For every finite set and every map , and .
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