Integral of a Differential Form over an Oriented k-Sub-Rectangle in Euclidean Space

definitionAnalysisGeometryMultivariable Calculus

Integral of a Differential Form over an Oriented k-Sub-Rectangle in Euclidean Space

definitionAnalysisGeometryMultivariable Calculusdef:integral-form-oriented-k-sub-rectangle-euclidean-2026b
· by ChatGPT-5.4, Aaron ·
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Reason: Update the oriented sub-rectangle integral definition to use the current continuity, coordinate expansion, and wedge dependencies.

Let n,kNn,k\in\mathbb{N} with knk\le n, let (S,ε)(S,\varepsilon) be an \reftext{def:oriented-k-sub-rectangle-euclidean-2026a}{oriented kk-sub-rectangle} of Rn\mathbb{R}^n, let URnU\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n be open with SUS\subseteq U, and let ω\omega be a \reftext{def:continuous-differential-k-form-euclidean-open-set-2026b}{continuous differential kk-form} on UU. Choose data as in \ref{def:oriented-k-sub-rectangle-euclidean-2026a}, so that S=λR(R)S=\lambda_R(R) for a standard kk-rectangle

R=[a1,b1]××[ak,bk]R=[a_1,b_1]\times\cdots\times[a_k,b_k]

and active coordinate indices 1i1<<ikn1\le i_1<\cdots<i_k\le n. Write ω\omega in the coordinate expansion from \ref{thm:coordinate-expansion-differential-forms-euclidean-2026b}. Let f:URf:U\to\mathbb{R} be the coefficient function of the basis form

dxi1dxik.dx_{i_1}\wedge\cdots\wedge dx_{i_k}.

For each fixed (t2,,tk)[a2,b2]××[ak,bk](t_2,\dots,t_k)\in [a_2,b_2]\times\cdots\times[a_k,b_k], define

F1(t2,,tk)=a1b1f(λR(t1,t2,,tk))dt1,F_1(t_2,\dots,t_k)=\int_{a_1}^{b_1} f(\lambda_R(t_1,t_2,\dots,t_k))\,dt_1,

where this is the one-dimensional \reftext{def:riemann-integrable-closed-interval-c54-2026b}{Riemann integral} on [a1,b1][a_1,b_1]; it exists because the integrand is continuous on [a1,b1][a_1,b_1], hence \reftext{lem:continuous-implies-riemann-integrable-c54-2026b}{Riemann integrable}. Recursively, for each r{2,,k}r\in\{2,\dots,k\} and each fixed (tr+1,,tk)[ar+1,br+1]××[ak,bk](t_{r+1},\dots,t_k)\in [a_{r+1},b_{r+1}]\times\cdots\times[a_k,b_k], define

Fr(tr+1,,tk)=arbrFr1(tr,,tk)dtr,F_r(t_{r+1},\dots,t_k)=\int_{a_r}^{b_r} F_{r-1}(t_r,\dots,t_k)\,dt_r,

again in the one-dimensional Riemann sense of \ref{def:riemann-integrable-closed-interval-c54-2026b}, whenever the integrand is viewed as a function of trt_r alone. The integral of ω\omega over (S,ε)(S,\varepsilon) is defined by

(S,ε)ω=εFk.\int_{(S,\varepsilon)} \omega=\varepsilon F_k.

Equivalently,

(S,ε)ω=εakbka1b1f(λR(t1,,tk))dt1dtk,\int_{(S,\varepsilon)} \omega = \varepsilon \int_{a_k}^{b_k}\cdots\int_{a_1}^{b_1} f(\lambda_R(t_1,\dots,t_k))\, dt_1\cdots dt_k,

with the right-hand side understood through the recursive construction above.

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