TheoremBase

A Finite Sum of Nonnegative Real Numbers in [0,∞] Is Their Real Sum

A finite sum of nonnegative real numbers formed in [0,∞] equals the same sum formed in the real numbers, and so is a real number.

Statement

In the setting of Routine Facts Used Without Citation: Arithmetic, Maps, Predicativity and Indices, let ∞\infty and [0,∞][0,\infty] be as in The Extended Real Line, Its Order, and [0,∞] (i) and The Extended Real Line, Its Order, and [0,∞] (ii). Sums over a finite set are as in Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval (i), Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval (ii), Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval (iii) and Sums and Products over a Finite Set and over an Interval (v). For a finite set II and a function vv from a set containing II to R\mathbb{R}, σR(v,I)=∑i∈Iv(i)\sigma_{\mathbb{R}}(v,I)=\sum_{i\in I}v(i) is its sum over II for the sum on R\mathbb{R}; for such a function vv into [0,∞][0,\infty], σ[0,∞](v,I)=∑i∈Iv(i)\sigma_{[0,\infty]}(v,I)=\sum_{i\in I}v(i) is its sum over II for the sum ++ on [0,∞][0,\infty] of Addition and Multiplication on [0,∞] (i). Like the sum on R\mathbb{R}, this sum is associative and commutative with neutral element 00 (Arithmetic in [0,∞]: Monoid Laws, Distributivity, Monotonicity and Cancellation (i)).

The two sums agree. Let II be a finite set and let u:I→Ru:I\to\mathbb{R} be a function with 0≤u(i)0\le u(i) for every i∈Ii\in I. Then uu is also a function u:I→[0,∞]u:I\to[0,\infty], and

σ[0,∞](u,I)=σR(u,I);\sigma_{[0,\infty]}(u,I)=\sigma_{\mathbb{R}}(u,I);

in particular σ[0,∞](u,I)\sigma_{[0,\infty]}(u,I) is a real number.

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