A Closed Subset of a Euclidean Space is a Countable Union of Compact Sets, and Its Coordinate Projections are Borel
lemmaAnalysislem:projection-closed-set-borel-euclidean-2026aA closed subset of a Euclidean space is exhausted by its intersections with the closed balls about the origin, each compact; consequently the image of a closed subset of a product under either coordinate projection is a Borel set.
In the setting of Probability Measures on Euclidean Space and Random Vectors: Standing Notation, whose Euclidean spaces, norm, distance , topology and closed balls are those fixed there, let satisfy , and . The natural number is read as a real number through the canonical map from to where a real number is required; this is the only use of the symbol here, the concatenation map being written throughout. Compact is compactness in a metric space and closed is closedness for the topology of .
1. (Exhaustion by compact sets)¶ Let be closed. For the set is compact, being closed and bounded and hence compact by Heine-Borel Theorem in , and
2. (Projections of a closed set are Borel)¶ Let be closed, and let and be the coordinate projections. Then
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