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Subgradients near a Point of Twice Differentiability of a Convex Function, and Invariance of the Second-Order Expansion under Lipschitz Truncation

lemmaAnalysislem:alexandrov-point-subgradients-rn-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: Stage 1M: subgradients near a point of twice differentiability of a convex function, and invariance under Lipschitz truncation. · 1,599 chars · 3 deps · depth 20

At a point where a convex function is twice differentiable, its only subgradient is the gradient, nearby subgradients follow the Hessian to first order, and a Lipschitz truncation above the gradient's norm keeps the same second-order expansion.

Statement

In the setting of Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation, used with a natural number nn satisfying 1n1\le n, let URnU\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n} be open and convex, let f:URf:U\to\mathbb{R} be convex on UU, with subdifferential Uf\partial_{U}f, and let yUy\in U, pRnp\in\mathbb{R}^{n} and BS(n)B\in\mathcal{S}(n) be such that ff is twice differentiable at yy with first-order coefficient pp and Hessian BB. Then the following hold.

1. (A single subgradient) Uf(y)={p}\partial_{U}f(y)=\{p\}.

2. (First-order expansion of the subgradients) For every εR\varepsilon\in\mathbb{R} with 0<ε0<\varepsilon there is δR\delta\in\mathbb{R} with 0<δ0<\delta such that every yRny'\in\mathbb{R}^{n} with yy<δ\lVert y'-y\rVert<\delta lies in UU and every qUf(y)q\in\partial_{U}f(y') satisfies

qpB(yy)εyy.\lVert q-p-B(y'-y)\rVert\le\varepsilon\,\lVert y'-y\rVert .

3. (Lipschitz truncation) Let LRL\in\mathbb{R} satisfy p<L\lVert p\rVert<L, and let fL:RnRf^{L}:\mathbb{R}^{n}\to\mathbb{R} be the Lipschitz truncation of ff at level LL, which is defined because pUf(y)p\in\partial_{U}f(y) by claim 1. Then there is rRr\in\mathbb{R} with 0<r0<r such that every yRny'\in\mathbb{R}^{n} with yy<r\lVert y'-y\rVert<r lies in UU and satisfies fL(y)=f(y)f^{L}(y')=f(y'), and fLf^{L} is twice differentiable at yy with first-order coefficient pp and Hessian BB.

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