Subgradients near a Point of Twice Differentiability of a Convex Function, and Invariance of the Second-Order Expansion under Lipschitz Truncation
lemmaAnalysislem:alexandrov-point-subgradients-rn-2026aAt a point where a convex function is twice differentiable, its only subgradient is the gradient, nearby subgradients follow the Hessian to first order, and a Lipschitz truncation above the gradient's norm keeps the same second-order expansion.
In the setting of Differential Calculus and Convexity on Euclidean Open Sets: Standing Notation, used with a natural number satisfying , let be open and convex, let be convex on , with subdifferential , and let , and be such that is twice differentiable at with first-order coefficient and Hessian . Then the following hold.
1. (A single subgradient)¶ .
2. (First-order expansion of the subgradients)¶ For every with there is with such that every with lies in and every satisfies
3. (Lipschitz truncation)¶ Let satisfy , and let be the Lipschitz truncation of at level , which is defined because by claim 1. Then there is with such that every with lies in and satisfies , and is twice differentiable at with first-order coefficient and Hessian .
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