The Separation Theorem over Extended Admissible Controls
theoremProbabilitythm:lqg-separation-extended-2026aConsider a \reftext{def:linear-gaussian-state-observation-model-2026a}{linear-Gaussian state-observation model} on , a control dimension , a control matrix assignment , and \reftext{def:lqg-cost-functional-2026a}{cost data} with every \reftext{def:positive-semidefinite-matrix-2026a}{positive definite}. Suppose is a symmetric continuous solution of the backward Riccati equation, and let be the feedback gain, both as in \ref{thm:lqg-completion-of-squares-2026a}, and let be the optimal value defined in \ref{thm:lqg-separation-theorem-2026a}. Adopt the notation , and the co-null terminology of \ref{lem:control-sequence-mean-square-limit-2026a}, from \reftext{lem:interval-lebesgue-toolkit-2026a}{the restricted Lebesgue measure on }.
For each \reftext{def:extended-admissible-control-2026a}{extended admissible control} with values in , let be its \reftext{def:extended-controlled-state-2026a}{controlled state}, its \reftext{def:extended-lqg-cost-2026a}{cost}, and its \reftext{lem:extended-controlled-state-conditional-expectation-2026a}{extended controlled estimator}, and define
with the \reftext{def:expectation-variance-2026a}{expectation}, the \reftext{def:dot-product-orthogonality-rn-2026a}{dot product} and \reftext{def:matrix-vector-product-2026a}{matrix-vector product} applied componentwise to tuples of random variables, and differences of tuples formed componentwise; each is defined and finite by claim 1 of \ref{lem:expected-quadratic-form-2026a}, and nonnegative because every is positive definite, so the random variable inside the expectation is nonnegative pointwise. Then:
\textbf{1. (Extended cost representation)} For every extended admissible control and every approximating sequence for : the function is -measurable with finite \reftext{def:lebesgue-integral-nonnegative-2026a}{Lebesgue integral}, this integral does not depend on the choice of approximating sequence, and
\textbf{2. (Optimality criterion)} For every extended admissible control : , with equality if and only if there is a co-null set such that for every , componentwise, \reftext{def:almost-surely-2026a}{almost surely}.
\textbf{3. (Attainment)} The closed-loop feedback control of \ref{lem:closed-loop-feedback-control-2026a} is \reftext{def:admissible-control-2026a}{admissible}, hence extended admissible by claim 1 of \ref{lem:extended-control-convergence-2026a}, and . In particular is the minimum of over all extended admissible controls with values in , and enlarging the class from admissible to extended admissible controls does not lower the optimal value.
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