TheoremBase

Continuity of Complex-Valued Functions, and the Modulus of a Power

The modulus of a power is the power of the modulus; constants and the identity are continuous, and continuity at a point of complex-valued functions on a subset of a metric space is preserved by sums, products, scalar multiples, nonvanishing reciprocals, composition, real and imaginary parts, moduli and conjugates, and is equivalent to continuity of the real and imaginary parts.

Statement

In the setting of Complex Analysis: Standing Notation, let (X,d)(X,d) be a metric space, let A⊆XA\subseteq X, let a∈Aa\in A, let f,g:A→Cf,g:A\to\mathbb{C} be functions, and let λ∈C\lambda\in\mathbb{C}. Continuity at aa relative to AA is as in Continuous Map Between Metric Spaces (i), for dd on XX, dCd_{\mathbb{C}} on C\mathbb{C} and the distance dRd_{\mathbb{R}} of Metric Spaces: Balls, the Metric Topology, and the Real and Complex Numbers as Metric Spaces (iv) on R\mathbb{R}. Sums, scalar multiples, products and quotients of functions A→CA\to\mathbb{C}, and the functions Re⁡f,Im⁡f,∣f∣:A→R\operatorname{Re}f,\operatorname{Im}f,|f|:A\to\mathbb{R} and f‾:A→C\overline{f}:A\to\mathbb{C}, are defined pointwise.

The modulus of a power. Let z∈Cz\in\mathbb{C} and let n∈N0n\in\mathbb{N}_{0}; this clause involves none of (X,d)(X,d), AA, aa, ff, gg and λ\lambda. Then

∣zn∣=∣z∣n.|z^{n}|=|z|^{n}.

Constants and the identity. For every c∈Cc\in\mathbb{C}, the constant function A→CA\to\mathbb{C} with value cc is continuous at aa relative to AA. If (X,d)=(C,dC)(X,d)=(\mathbb{C},d_{\mathbb{C}}), the function A→CA\to\mathbb{C}, w↦ww\mapsto w, is continuous at aa relative to AA.

Sums, products and scalar multiples. If ff and gg are continuous at aa relative to AA, then so are f+gf+g, fgfg and λf\lambda f.

Reciprocals. If g(x)≠0g(x)\neq0 for every x∈Ax\in A and gg is continuous at aa relative to AA, then 1/g1/g is continuous at aa relative to AA.

Composition. Let B⊆CB\subseteq\mathbb{C} with f(x)∈Bf(x)\in B for every x∈Ax\in A, and let h:B→Ch:B\to\mathbb{C}. If ff is continuous at aa relative to AA and hh is continuous at f(a)f(a) relative to BB, then h∘f:A→Ch\circ f:A\to\mathbb{C} is continuous at aa relative to AA.

Parts, modulus and conjugate. If ff is continuous at aa relative to AA, then so are Re⁡f\operatorname{Re}f, Im⁡f\operatorname{Im}f, ∣f∣|f| and f‾\overline{f}. Conversely, ff is continuous at aa relative to AA if Re⁡f\operatorname{Re}f and Im⁡f\operatorname{Im}f are.

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