TheoremBase

Mollification Preserves Semiconvexity

Statement

Let nn be a natural number with 1≤n1\le n, let R\mathbb{R} be the real numbers with the order ≤\le of their ordered field structure, write s<ts<t to mean that s≤ts\le t and s≠ts\ne t, let ∣s∣|s| be the absolute value of ss, and let dRd_{\mathbb{R}} be the metric on R\mathbb{R} of The Absolute Value Metric on the Real Numbers. Regard Euclidean space Rn\mathbb{R}^{n} as a real vector space, with the sum of points and the scalar multiple, and write x−yx-y for the difference of points. Let ∥ ⋅ ∥\lVert\,\cdot\,\rVert be the Euclidean norm on Rn\mathbb{R}^{n} and let dd be the Euclidean distance, a metric on Rn\mathbb{R}^{n}; by The Open Subsets of a Metric Space Form a Topology the subsets open in (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^{n},d) form a topology. Write Bˉ(x,r)\bar B(x,r) for the closed ball in (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^{n},d) and let λn\lambda_{n} be Lebesgue measure on the Borel σ\sigma-algebra of Rn\mathbb{R}^{n}.

Let Ω⊆Rn\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n} be open in (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^{n},d) and convex, let f:Ω→Rf:\Omega\to\mathbb{R} be continuous on Ω\Omega as a map from (Rn,d)(\mathbb{R}^{n},d) into (R,dR)(\mathbb{R},d_{\mathbb{R}}), let μ∈R\mu\in\mathbb{R} satisfy 0≤μ0\le\mu, and suppose that ff is semiconvex on Ω\Omega with constant μ\mu.

Let δ∈R\delta\in\mathbb{R} with 0<δ0<\delta and let ρ\rho be a mollifier kernel of radius δ\delta on Rn\mathbb{R}^{n}; being smooth it is continuous on Rn\mathbb{R}^{n} by claim 3 of Euclidean Space is Open in Itself, and CkC^k Maps are Continuous, and it vanishes at every yy with δ<∥y∥\delta<\lVert y\rVert, so the convolution f∗ρf*\rho is defined on

Ωδ={x∈Rn:Bˉ(x,δ)⊆Ω},\Omega^{\delta}=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^{n}:\bar B(x,\delta)\subseteq\Omega\},

a set open by claim 2 of The δ\delta-Interior of an Open Subset of Rn\mathbb{R}^n is Open and convex by The δ\delta-Interior of a Convex Subset of Rn\mathbb{R}^n is Convex.

Then f∗ρf*\rho is semiconvex on Ωδ\Omega^{\delta} with constant μ\mu.

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