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Probability Simplex

definitionProbabilitydef:probability-simplex-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: Initial published version: probability simplex, part of the S4.1 prelimit N-agent model block (arXiv:2105.05974, Section 2); batch publication approved by coauthor.

Statement

Let ll be a natural number with l1l\ge 1, and let Rl\mathbb{R}^l denote Euclidean space. The probability simplex Δl\Delta^l is the set

Δl={x=(x1,,xl)Rl: xσ0 for every σ{1,,l}, and σ=1lxσ=1}.\Delta^l=\Big\{x=(x^1,\dots,x^l)\in\mathbb{R}^l:\ x^\sigma\ge 0\ \text{for every }\sigma\in\{1,\dots,l\},\ \text{and}\ \sum_{\sigma=1}^l x^\sigma=1\Big\}.

Elements of Δl\Delta^l are called probability vectors. For σ{1,,l}\sigma\in\{1,\dots,l\} we write δσ\delta_\sigma for the σ\sigma-th standard basis vector of Rl\mathbb{R}^l, which is an element of Δl\Delta^l.

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