TheoremBase

The Integrals of min(My², M|y|³/(2√n)) Tend to Zero under a Finite Second Moment

The functions gn(y)g_n(y) = min(My², M|y|³/(2√n)) form a sequence of Borel functions on the real line, and for every measure on the Borel sets of the line under which y² is integrable, their integrals tend to zero.

Statement

In the setting of Measurable Functions and the Lebesgue Integral: Notation, let M≥0M\ge0 be a real number. For n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}, read in R\mathbb{R} (The Natural Numbers Read in ℝ: a Predicative Condition and a Function from ℕ₀ to ℝ (ii)) with square root n\sqrt{n}, and for y∈Ry\in\mathbb{R} let gn(y)g_{n}(y) be the minimum

gn(y)=min⁡(My2,M∣y∣32n).g_{n}(y)=\min\Bigl(My^{2},\frac{M|y|^{3}}{2\sqrt{n}}\Bigr).

Let L=Meas(R,B(R);R,B(R))\mathcal{L}=\mathrm{Meas}(\mathbb{R},\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R});\mathbb{R},\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R})) be the set of Borel functions R→R\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}.

A sequence of Borel functions. For every n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}, y↦gn(y)y\mapsto g_{n}(y) is a function gn:R→Rg_{n}:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} and gn∈Lg_{n}\in\mathcal{L}; and n↦gnn\mapsto g_{n} is a sequence (gn)n∈N(g_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} in L\mathcal{L}.

In the remaining clauses, let μ\mu be a measure on (R,B(R))(\mathbb{R},\mathcal{B}(\mathbb{R})) such that the function y↦y2y\mapsto y^{2} on R\mathbb{R} lies in L1(μ)\mathcal{L}^{1}(\mu).

Integrability. gn∈L1(μ)g_{n}\in\mathcal{L}^{1}(\mu) for every n∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}.

Vanishing integrals. For the integrals of the elements gng_{n} of L1(μ)\mathcal{L}^{1}(\mu) ((ii)),

∫Rgn dμ→0.\int_{\mathbb{R}}g_{n}\,d\mu\to0 .

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