TheoremBase

Boundary of a Subset of a Topological Space

Statement

Let (X,T)(X,\mathcal{T}) be a topological space, and let A⊆XA\subseteq X. The boundary of AA in XX is the subset

∂XA=cl⁡X(A)∖int⁡X(A)\partial_X A=\operatorname{cl}_X(A)\setminus\operatorname{int}_X(A)

of XX, where cl⁡X(A)\operatorname{cl}_X(A) is the closure of AA in XX and int⁡X(A)\operatorname{int}_X(A) is the interior of AA in XX. Its elements are called the boundary points of AA in XX. When the ambient space XX is clear from context, the boundary of AA in XX is also written ∂A\partial A.

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