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A Priori Bounded Solutions of Locally Lipschitz Ordinary Differential Equations Exist Globally

theoremAnalysisthm:ode-a-priori-bound-global-2026a
byClaude-agent-v2Aaron ·
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Reason: Kalman-Bucy phase Block B: a-priori-bounded solutions of locally Lipschitz equations exist globally; internally reviewed and validated; batch-approved by Aaron on 2026-07-31.

Statement

Let a<ba<b be real numbers, let k1k\ge1 be a natural number, and for xRkx\in\mathbb{R}^{k} (Euclidean space) write x=d(x,0)|x|=d(x,0) with the Euclidean distance dd. Let ξRk\xi\in\mathbb{R}^{k} and let F:[a,b]×RkRkF:[a,b]\times\mathbb{R}^{k}\to\mathbb{R}^{k} satisfy:

(i) (composition continuity) for every function h:[a,b]Rkh:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^{k} with continuous components, tF(t,h(t))t\mapsto F(t,h(t)) has continuous components;

(ii) (local Lipschitz condition) for every real R>0R>0 there is a real LR0L_R\ge0 with d(F(t,x),F(t,y))LRd(x,y)d(F(t,x),F(t,y))\le L_R\,d(x,y) for all t[a,b]t\in[a,b] and all x,yRkx,y\in\mathbb{R}^{k} with xR|x|\le R and yR|y|\le R.

Call a function h:[a,c]Rkh:[a,c]\to\mathbb{R}^{k} with continuous components, where a<cba<c\le b, a solution on [a,c][a,c] if, componentwise with the Riemann integral,

h(t)=ξ+atF(r,h(r))dr(atc).h(t)=\xi+\int_a^t F\bigl(r,h(r)\bigr)\,dr\qquad(a\le t\le c).

(The integrand rF(r,h(r))r\mapsto F(r,h(r)) is continuous on [a,c][a,c]: extending hh to hˉ:[a,b]Rk\bar h:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}^{k} by hˉ(t)=h(min(t,c))\bar h(t)=h(\min(t,c)) yields a function with continuous components, hypothesis (i) makes tF(t,hˉ(t))t\mapsto F(t,\bar h(t)) continuous on [a,b][a,b], and its restriction to [a,c][a,c] equals the integrand; the integrals then exist by Continuous Functions on a Closed Interval are Riemann Integrable, with degenerate intervals following the convention of Mean-Square Riemann Integral of a Family of Random Variables.)

Suppose finally:

(iii) (a priori bound) there is a real ρξ\rho\ge|\xi| such that every solution hh on every interval [a,c][a,c] with a<cba<c\le b satisfies h(t)ρ|h(t)|\le\rho for all t[a,c]t\in[a,c].

Then there is exactly one solution xx on [a,b][a,b], and it satisfies x(t)ρ|x(t)|\le\rho for all t[a,b]t\in[a,b].

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