TheoremBase

The Semicontinuous Envelopes of a Pointwise Maximum and of a Pointwise Minimum

The upper semicontinuous envelope of a pointwise maximum of two functions is the pointwise maximum of their upper envelopes, and dually for minima and lower envelopes.

Statement

In the setting of The Real Numbers: Standing Notation and Background, let (M,d)(M,d) be a metric space, let S⊆MS\subseteq M be nonempty, and let u,v:S→Ru,v:S\to\mathbb{R}. The order of R\mathbb{R} is a total order, so that any two real numbers a,ba,b have a maximum max⁡{a,b}\max\{a,b\} and a minimum min⁡{a,b}\min\{a,b\}; as in The Maximum of Two Upper Semicontinuous Functions, u∨vu\vee v and u∧vu\wedge v denote the functions S→RS\to\mathbb{R} whose values at y∈Sy\in S are max⁡{u(y),v(y)}\max\{u(y),v(y)\} and min⁡{u(y),v(y)}\min\{u(y),v(y)\}.

That a function on SS is bounded above near each point of SS, or bounded below near each point of SS, and its upper semicontinuous envelope (⋅)∗(\cdot)^{*} and lower semicontinuous envelope (⋅)∗(\cdot)_{*}, are as defined there, with the ambient metric space (M,d)(M,d). Then the following hold.

1. (Local bounds) If uu and vv are bounded above near each point of SS, then so are u∨vu\vee v and u∧vu\wedge v. If uu and vv are bounded below near each point of SS, then so are u∨vu\vee v and u∧vu\wedge v.

2. (Upper envelope of a maximum) Suppose uu and vv are bounded above near each point of SS. Then

(u∨v)∗(x)=max⁡{u∗(x),v∗(x)}for every x∈S.(u\vee v)^{*}(x)=\max\{u^{*}(x),v^{*}(x)\}\qquad\text{for every }x\in S .

3. (Lower envelope of a minimum) Suppose uu and vv are bounded below near each point of SS. Then

(u∧v)∗(x)=min⁡{u∗(x),v∗(x)}for every x∈S.(u\wedge v)_{*}(x)=\min\{u_{*}(x),v_{*}(x)\}\qquad\text{for every }x\in S .

Proofs

Log in to submit a proof.

Loading...

Citations

Loading…

Dependencies

Loading…

Related

0 relations

Curated associations between results. These are editable and subjective — they do not replace the dependency graph, which is derived from the references in the text.

No relations recorded yet.

Comments

Log in to comment.

Loading…