Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
The Set of Pairs of Natural Numbers is Countable
theoremthm:natural-pairs-countable-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers and let be the Cartesian product of with itself. Then is countable.- Let be the set of natural numbers, with addition as in that definition and with the order ; let be the real numbers, an ordered field with multiplicative identity ; and let be the canonical map of . Write…
The Natural Numbers Are Well Ordered
theoremthm:well-ordering-natural-numbers-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet denote the natural numbers with the order , and let be nonempty. Then has a least element: there exists such that for every . This element is unique, and is denoted .- Let , where is the set of natural numbers with multiplication as in that definition. We say that divides , written if there exists with .
Properties of the Order on the Natural Numbers
lemmalem:order-natural-numbers-2026bNumber TheorySet TheoryThe order on the natural numbers is a strict total order with least element 1, compatible with the successor map and with addition, and every larger number is a unique translate of a smaller one.- Let be the set of natural numbers, with addition as in that definition, and let . We write if there exists with , and we write if or . We also write for , and for…
Arithmetic of Addition on the Natural Numbers
lemmalem:natural-number-addition-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers, with addition and successor map as in that definition. Then the following hold for all . 1. and . 2. . 3. (Associativity) . 4. (Commutativity)…Basic Properties of Initial Segments of the Natural Numbers
lemmalem:initial-segment-basic-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers with successor map , let be the order on , and let denote the initial segment determined by . Then the following hold for all . 1. and ; in particular is non…Uniqueness of the Number of Elements
lemmalem:finite-cardinality-well-defined-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet be a set and let , where is the set of natural numbers and , denote the initial segments determined by and . If there exist bijections then .Initial Segment of the Natural Numbers
definitiondef:initial-segment-natural-numbers-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers and let be the order on . For , the initial segment determined by is the set also written .