Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
A Sum over a Finite Index Set Does Not Depend on the Enumeration
lemmalem:finite-set-indexed-sum-well-defined-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field, let be a nonempty finite set, and let be a natural number such that has elements; such an is unique by Uniqueness of the Number of Elements. Let be the initial segment determined by , and let be a map. Sums below are the…Invariance of Finite Sums and Products under Reindexing by a Permutation
lemmalem:finite-sum-product-permutation-invariance-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field. Let be the set of natural numbers, let , and let be the initial segment determined by . Let be a map with values written , and let be a bijection. Sums and products below are the…Extraction of a Term from a Finite Sum or Product in a Field
lemmalem:finite-sum-product-extraction-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field. Let be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition, ordered by the relations of Order on the Natural Numbers, and for let be the initial segment determined by . Let , let…The Canonical Map from the Natural Numbers to a Field
definitiondef:natural-number-image-field-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field with multiplicative identity , let be the set of natural numbers, and for let be the initial segment of determined by . For let be the map with for every…A Subsequence of a Subsequence is a Subsequence
lemmalem:subsequence-of-subsequence-2026aAnalysisSet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers with the order of that definition, let be a set, let be a sequence in , and let and be sequences in that are strictly increasing. Then…- Let be a set, let be a finite set, and let be a family of subsets of indexed by such that for every . Then there exists a function such that for every .
- Let be a nonempty set, let denote the natural numbers, and let be a binary relation on , that is, a subset of the Cartesian product . Assume that for every there exists with . Let . Then there exists a…
- Let be a set, let denote the natural numbers, and let be a family of subsets of such that is nonempty for every . Then there exists a sequence in such that for every…
The Natural Numbers Are Well Ordered
theoremthm:well-ordering-natural-numbers-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet denote the natural numbers with the order , and let be nonempty. Then has a least element: there exists such that for every . This element is unique, and is denoted .Strictly Increasing Sequences of Natural Numbers Dominate Their Index
lemmalem:subsequence-index-growth-2026aAnalysisSet TheoryLet denote the natural numbers with the addition of that definition and the order , and let be a sequence in that is strictly increasing in the sense of Subsequence of a Sequence in a Set. Then for every…- Let be a set, and let be a sequence in , indexed by the natural numbers carrying the addition of that definition and the order . A sequence in is strictly increasing if for every…
- Let be a set equipped with a total order . For we write to mean that and . The relation is called the strict order associated with .
- Let be a set, let be a natural number, and let be the initial segment determined by , that is, the set of natural numbers with . The set is the set of all maps from to . An element is called an -tuple in ; for…
Greatest Element of a Finite Family in a Totally Ordered Set
lemmalem:finite-family-greatest-element-2026bSet TheoryLet be a set equipped with a total order , let be a natural number, let be the initial segment determined by , and let be an -tuple in , with components . Then there exists such that for every .Existence and Uniqueness of Iterates of a Binary Operation
lemmalem:iterated-binary-operation-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a set and let be a binary operation on , that is, a map , whose value at is written . Let be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition, let , let be the…- Let , where is the set of natural numbers with multiplication as in that definition. We say that divides , written if there exists with .
- A set is called finite if or if has elements for some natural number .
Properties of the Order on the Natural Numbers
lemmalem:order-natural-numbers-2026bNumber TheorySet TheoryThe order on the natural numbers is a strict total order with least element 1, compatible with the successor map and with addition, and every larger number is a unique translate of a smaller one.- Let be the set of natural numbers, with addition as in that definition, and let . We write if there exists with , and we write if or . We also write for , and for…
Arithmetic of Addition on the Natural Numbers
lemmalem:natural-number-addition-2026aNumber TheorySet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers, with addition and successor map as in that definition. Then the following hold for all . 1. and . 2. . 3. (Associativity) . 4. (Commutativity)…