Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
- Let be a field, let be a natural number with successor map as in that definition, let be the initial segment determined by , and let be a map, whose value at is written . Let be the map given by…
Comparison and Absolute Value Bounds for Finite Sums of Real Numbers
lemmalem:finite-sum-comparison-absolute-2026aAnalysisAlgebraLet be the real numbers, an ordered field with additive identity and order , and write for the absolute value of . Let be a natural number, let be the initial segment determined by , and let and…- Let be a field, let be the set of natural numbers, ordered by the relations of Order on the Natural Numbers, and for let be the initial segment determined by , that is, the set of with . Sums below are the…
Properties of the Canonical Map from the Natural Numbers to an Ordered Field
lemmalem:natural-number-image-properties-2026bAnalysisAlgebraThe canonical map from the natural numbers to an ordered field sends 1 to 1 and successors to successors, is additive, multiplicative, at least 1, positive, strictly increasing and injective.The Canonical Map from the Natural Numbers to a Field
definitiondef:natural-number-image-field-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field with multiplicative identity , let be the set of natural numbers, and for let be the initial segment of determined by . For let be the map with for every…- Let be a set equipped with a total order , and let . Then has at most one least upper bound in , and at most one greatest lower bound in . Accordingly, when a least upper bound of exists it is denoted , and when a greatest lower bound…
Lower Bound and Greatest Lower Bound in a Totally Ordered Set
definitiondef:lower-bound-infimum-total-order-2026aAnalysisAlgebraLet be a set equipped with a total order , and let . An element is a lower bound for if for every . If such an exists, then is bounded below. An element is a greatest lower bound, or infimum, of if…Elementary Properties of the Minimum of Two Elements
lemmalem:minimum-two-elements-properties-2026aAlgebraLogicLet be a set equipped with a total order , let , let denote the minimum of and , and let denote their maximum. Then the following hold. 1. (Lower bound) and . 2. (Attainment)…Minimum of Two Elements of a Totally Ordered Set
definitiondef:minimum-two-elements-2026aAlgebraLogicLet be a set equipped with a total order , and let . The minimum of and , written , is the element of defined as follows: if , then is ; otherwise is .Elementary Properties of the Maximum of Two Elements
lemmalem:maximum-two-elements-properties-2026aAlgebraLogicLet be a set equipped with a total order , let , and let denote the maximum of and . Then the following hold. 1. (Upper bound) and . 2. (Attainment) or .…Maximum of Two Elements of a Totally Ordered Set
definitiondef:maximum-two-elements-2026aAlgebraLogicLet be a set equipped with a total order , and let . The maximum of and , written , is the element of defined as follows: if , then is ; otherwise is .Nonnegativity of Squares in an Ordered Field
lemmalem:square-nonnegative-ordered-field-2026aAnalysisAlgebraLet together with be an ordered field, with additive identity . For write for , and write for the absolute value of . Let . Then the following hold. 1. (Agreement with the absolute value) .…Additive Cancellation and Elementary Additive Identities in a Field
lemmalem:field-additive-identities-2026aAlgebraLet be a field, with additive identity and with the additive inverse of an element as in that definition, and write for . Let . Then the following hold. 1. (Uniqueness of additive inverses) If , then and .…Monotonicity of Squaring on the Nonnegative Elements of an Ordered Field
lemmalem:squares-monotone-nonnegative-2026aAnalysisAlgebraLet together with be an ordered field, with additive identity , and for let denote the associated strict order, that is, together with . For write for . Let satisfy…Elementary Order Arithmetic in an Ordered Field
lemmalem:ordered-field-order-arithmetic-2026bAnalysisAlgebraElementary order rules in an ordered field: strict order is compatible with addition and with multiplication by positive elements, mixed transitivity, sign reversal, positivity of products, of 1 and of inverses, halving, the least of two elements, and order reversal of reciprocal…- In a field, zero annihilates, signs multiply as usual, there are no zero divisors, the difference of squares and the square of a sum expand as usual, and negation is an involution with -(x-y)=y-x.
- Let be a complex vector space, let be a linear operator on , and let be a complex number. The number is an eigenvalue of if there exists a vector that is an eigenvector of with eigenvalue .
- Let be a complex vector space with zero vector , let be a linear operator on , let be a complex number, and let . The vector is an eigenvector of with eigenvalue if and
- In an ordered field, 1 is nonnegative, sums of nonnegative elements are nonnegative, x is at most y exactly when y-x is nonnegative, inverses of positive elements are nonnegative, multiplication by a nonnegative element preserves order, and (x-y)^2 is at most 2(x^2+y^2).
A Finite Spanning Family Contains a Basis
lemmalem:spanning-family-contains-basis-2026aAlgebraLinear AlgebraLet be a field, let be a vector space over with zero vector , and suppose . Let be a natural number and let be an -tuple in that spans . Then there are a natural number with , in the order on ,…