Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
Permutations of [n]: Identity, Composition, Inverses, Translations and Transpositions
lemmalem:permutation-group-2026bAlgebraCombinatoricsThe permutations of [n] contain the identity and are closed under associative composition and inversion; translation and inversion are bijections of S_n, and swapping two points gives a unique self-inverse permutation.Generalized Distributivity: Expanding a Product of Finite Sums
lemmalem:generalized-distributivity-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field. Let be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition, let , and let and be the initial segments they determine. Let be an -tuple of -tuples in , with components written …The Product of Two Sums over Finite Index Sets is a Sum over the Cartesian Product
lemmalem:finite-set-indexed-sum-product-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field, let and be nonempty finite sets, and let and be maps. Let be the Cartesian product of and , formed with the ordered pair; it is nonempty, and it is finite by claim 1 of…Peeling, Splitting, and Interchange for Sums over a Finite Index Set
lemmalem:finite-set-indexed-sum-peeling-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field, with additive identity . Let be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition. The notions finite and has elements are those of the indicated definitions. Sums over a finite index set are those of…- Let and be sets, and write and for the identity maps, given by and . For maps and let be the map with , and let…
Cartesian Product of Two Sets, via Ordered Pairs
definitiondef:cartesian-product-sets-2026bCombinatoricsSet TheoryLet and be sets, and let denote the ordered pair of and . The Cartesian product of and is the set- Let , , and be objects, and let ordered pairs be those of Ordered Pair. Then Consequently the first and second components of an ordered pair are uniquely determined by that pair.
- Let and be objects. Write for the set whose only element is , and for the set whose elements are exactly and . The ordered pair of and is the set In this expression is the…
Finiteness of Cartesian Products, Tuple Sets, and Permutation Sets
lemmalem:finite-product-tuple-sets-2026aCombinatoricsSet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition, and for let be the initial segment determined by . The notions has elements and finite are those of the indicated definitions. Let and be finite set…Peeling an Element off a Finite Set, and Unions of Finite Sets
lemmalem:finite-set-union-2026aCombinatoricsSet TheoryLet be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition, ordered by the relations of Order on the Natural Numbers, and for let be the initial segment determined by . The notions has elements and finite are those of…Properties of Natural Number Powers in a Field
lemmalem:natural-power-properties-2026bAnalysisAlgebraNatural powers in a field satisfy the recursion and the unit and product rules, vanish only at 0, and add exponents; for real bases they are monotone in a nonnegative base and, for bases at least 1, in the exponent.- Let be a field, let , let be a natural number, and let be the initial segment determined by . The th power of is the finite product of the map whose value at every is .
Properties of a Sum over a Finite Index Set
lemmalem:finite-set-indexed-sum-properties-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field, let and be nonempty finite sets, let and be maps, and let . Sums over a finite index set are those of Sum over a Finite Index Set, and sums with a numerical index range are the finite sums of . Then the following…- Let be a field, let be a nonempty finite set, let be the natural number for which has elements, unique by Uniqueness of the Number of Elements, let be the initial segment determined by , and let be a map. The sum of over is…
A Sum over a Finite Index Set Does Not Depend on the Enumeration
lemmalem:finite-set-indexed-sum-well-defined-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field, let be a nonempty finite set, and let be a natural number such that has elements; such an is unique by Uniqueness of the Number of Elements. Let be the initial segment determined by , and let be a map. Sums below are the…Invariance of Finite Sums and Products under Reindexing by a Permutation
lemmalem:finite-sum-product-permutation-invariance-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field. Let be the set of natural numbers, let , and let be the initial segment determined by . Let be a map with values written , and let be a bijection. Sums and products below are the…Extraction of a Term from a Finite Sum or Product in a Field
lemmalem:finite-sum-product-extraction-2026aAlgebraSet TheoryLet be a field. Let be the set of natural numbers with successor map as in that definition, ordered by the relations of Order on the Natural Numbers, and for let be the initial segment determined by . Let , let…Cholesky Factorisation of a Symmetric Positive Definite Real Matrix
lemmalem:cholesky-positive-definite-2026aLinear AlgebraLet be a natural number with , let be the real numbers with the order of its ordered field structure, let be the initial segment determined by , and let be a symmetric positive definite real matrix. Write for the…Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality for a Positive Semidefinite Quadratic Form on
lemmalem:psd-cauchy-schwarz-rn-2026aAnalysisLinear AlgebraLet be a natural number with , let be the real numbers with the order of its ordered field structure, and let be a symmetric positive semidefinite real matrix. On Euclidean space , a real vector space by…Elementary Properties of the Transpose of a Real Matrix
lemmalem:transpose-properties-2026aLinear AlgebraLet , and be natural numbers with , and , let be the real numbers, and for a natural number let be the initial segment determined by . Let and be real matrices, let be a real matrix,…