Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
A Derivative Matrix is the Jacobian Matrix, and is Unique
lemmalem:differentiable-derivative-matrix-2026aAnalysisMultivariable CalculusLet and be natural numbers, let be the real numbers, and let be an open subset of Euclidean space . Let with coordinate functions as in Jacobian Matrix of a Map Between Euclidean Spaces, let , and…Differentiability at a Point for Maps Between Euclidean Spaces
definitiondef:differentiable-map-euclidean-2026aAnalysisMultivariable CalculusLet and be natural numbers, let be the real numbers, and let be an open subset of Euclidean space . Let , let , and let be a real matrix with rows and columns. Write for the…Jacobian Matrix of a Map Between Euclidean Spaces
definitiondef:jacobian-matrix-euclidean-2026aAnalysisMultivariable CalculusLet and be natural numbers, let be the real numbers, and let be an open subset of Euclidean space . Let , and for a natural number with let be the th coordinate function of , s…- Let and be natural numbers and let be the real numbers. Identify the Cartesian product of Euclidean spaces with by writing a pair , with and …
- The real numbers are a Dedekind complete ordered field, denoted , with order relation . We use the following notation on . Let . 1. (Arithmetic notation) and denote the additive and multiplicative identity elements of…
Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality for the Euclidean Dot Product
lemmalem:euclidean-dot-cauchy-schwarz-2026aAnalysisLinear AlgebraLet be a natural number, and let be points of Euclidean space . Write for the dot product, for the Euclidean norm, and for the absolute value on the real numbers, with the order of their ordered field structure.…Uniform Convergence in Probability of the N-Agent Empirical State Measure to the Unique Optimal Mean-Field Trajectory
corollarycor:n-agent-trajectory-uniform-convergence-2026cAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses and notation of the convergence theorem for the optimal -agent value. In particular: is an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set , with…Convergence of the Optimal N-Agent Value to the Optimal Mean-Field Value and Concentration of Asymptotically Optimal Controls
theoremthm:n-agent-optimal-value-mean-field-limit-2026cAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses and notation of the asymptotic lower bound theorem for the -agent cost. In particular: is an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set and…Asymptotic Lower Bound for the N-Agent Cost and Concentration of the Limit Laws on the Optimal Mean-Field Controls
theoremthm:n-agent-cost-liminf-limit-laws-2026cAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses and notation of the comparison lemma for the -agent system and the mean-field flow. In particular: is an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set and…Comparison of the N-Agent System with the Mean-Field Flow and Cost along the Realized Control
lemmalem:n-agent-mean-field-comparison-2026cAnalysisProbabilityLet and be natural numbers with and , let be an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set and let be its transition-rate family, with rate bound , aggregat…The Realized Control of the Controlled N-Agent Dynamics as a Random Element of the Control Set
lemmalem:realized-control-random-element-2026cAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting of the controlled -agent dynamics: natural numbers , , and ; a nonempty convex subset of Euclidean space , called the control set, which is compact for the topology determined by the…The Simplex, the Control Set and Their Product are Compact Separable Metric Spaces
lemmalem:simplex-control-product-compact-2026aAnalysisTopologyProbabilityLet and be natural numbers with and , and let be a real number. Let be the probability simplex, write for the Euclidean norm, let be the Euclidean distance, a metric by…Structure of the Optimal Control Set and Separation of Near-Optimal Controls
lemmalem:mean-field-optimal-set-structure-2026bAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses and notation of the optimal value, controls and trajectories of the mean-field problem: the initial state , the optimal value , the set of optimal controls, the mean-field flow…The Optimal Value, the Optimal Controls and the Optimal Trajectories of the Mean-Field Problem
definitiondef:mean-field-optimal-solution-set-2026bAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses and notation of the boundedness, lower semicontinuity and attainment theorem for the mean-field cost: the affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set , the horizo…Boundedness, Lower Semicontinuity and Attainment of the Mean-Field Cost
theoremthm:mean-field-cost-lsc-attainment-2026bAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting and notation of the mean-field cost of a control from an initial state: the affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set , the horizon , the population cost data ,…The Mean-Field Cost of a Control from an Initial State
definitiondef:mean-field-control-cost-2026bAnalysisProbabilityLet be an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set , let be the probability simplex, let be a real number, and let be population cost data on states with cont…Sequential Characterization of Lower Semicontinuity on a Subset of a Metric Space
lemmalem:lsc-sequential-characterization-2026aAnalysisTopologyLet be a metric space, let , and let be the restriction of to , a metric on by claim 1 of The Restriction of a Metric to a Subset Induces the Subspace Topology. Let be the set of real numbers with the addition and the order…Stability of the Mean-Field Flow under Perturbation of the Initial State and Weak Convergence of Controls
lemmalem:mean-field-flow-stability-2026cAnalysisProbabilityLet be an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set and Lipschitz constant , let be its transition-rate family, and adopt from that lemma the real numbers , , and…Integrals of Functions Vanishing or Agreeing off a Null Set on a Compact Interval
lemmalem:integral-null-set-interval-2026aAnalysisLet be real numbers with and adopt the notation and of the restricted Lebesgue measure space on a compact interval, so that is a measure space by claim 1 there. Measurability of a re…- Let be a metric space, and let be the collection of subsets of that are open in , which is a topology on by The Open Subsets of a Metric Space Form a Topology. We say that is separable if there is a countable subset t…