Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
Semicontinuity and Continuity Under Composition with a Continuous Map
lemmalem:semicontinuity-composition-continuous-2026aAnalysisTopologyLet and be metric spaces, let and , and let be the set of real numbers with the addition and the order of its ordered field structure, regarded as a metric space through the metric of…Continuity of the Projections and of the Distance Function on a Product Metric Space
lemmalem:projection-distance-continuous-product-2026aAnalysisTopologyLet be the set of real numbers with the addition, multiplication and order of its ordered field structure, regarded as a metric space through the metric of The Absolute Value Metric on the Real Numbers. Then the following hold.…A Product of Compact Subsets is Compact in the Product Metric
corollarycor:product-compact-subsets-metric-2026bAnalysisTopologyLet and be metric spaces, each equipped with the collection of its subsets that are open in the respective metric space, a topology by The Open Subsets of a Metric Space Form a Topology. Let be compact in and let be compact in…The Product Metric Induces the Product Topology
theoremthm:product-metric-induces-product-topology-2026aAnalysisTopologyLet and be metric spaces. Let be the collection of all subsets open in and let be the collection of all subsets open in ; both are topologies by The Open Subsets of a Metric Space Form a Topology. Let…The Restriction of a Metric to a Subset Induces the Subspace Topology
lemmalem:restricted-metric-subspace-topology-2026aAnalysisTopologyLet be a metric space, let , and let be the set of real numbers. Let be the restriction of , that is, the function with for all . Equip with the collection of all su…- The product metric on the product of two metric spaces is a metric; it dominates the distances of the components, and it is less than a real number exactly when both component distances are.
Product Metric on the Cartesian Product of Two Metric Spaces
definitiondef:product-metric-2026bAnalysisTopologyDefines the product metric on the Cartesian product of two metric spaces as the maximum of the distances of the components.Elementary Properties of the Maximum of Two Elements
lemmalem:maximum-two-elements-properties-2026aAlgebraLogicLet be a set equipped with a total order , let , and let denote the maximum of and . Then the following hold. 1. (Upper bound) and . 2. (Attainment) or .…Maximum of Two Elements of a Totally Ordered Set
definitiondef:maximum-two-elements-2026aAlgebraLogicLet be a set equipped with a total order , and let . The maximum of and , written , is the element of defined as follows: if , then is ; otherwise is .Nonnegativity of Squares in an Ordered Field
lemmalem:square-nonnegative-ordered-field-2026aAnalysisAlgebraLet together with be an ordered field, with additive identity . For write for , and write for the absolute value of . Let . Then the following hold. 1. (Agreement with the absolute value) .…Properties of the Euclidean Norm on : Square, Distance, Vanishing, Coordinate Bounds, Homogeneity, Triangle Inequalities and Expansion of a Square
lemmalem:euclidean-norm-properties-2026cAnalysisMultivariable CalculusThe Euclidean norm is nonnegative with square x·x, vanishes only at the origin, is bounded below by each coordinate and above by their sum, is absolutely homogeneous, satisfies the triangle and reverse triangle inequalities, and the square of a sum expands with the dot product.Euclidean Space is a Real Vector Space
propositionprop:rn-real-vector-space-2026aLinear AlgebraMultivariable CalculusLet be a natural number. Let denote the real numbers, which form in particular a field, with additive identity , multiplicative identity , and additive inverse of an element ; for write for . Then Euclidean space…- The Euclidean norm of a point of R^n is the square root of its dot product with itself.
- Let be a natural number, and let denote the additive identity of the field of real numbers. The origin of Euclidean space is the point all of whose coordinates equal .
Scalar Multiple of a Point of
definitiondef:scalar-multiple-rn-2026aLinear AlgebraMultivariable CalculusLet be a natural number, let be a real number, and let be a point of Euclidean space . The scalar multiple is the point of defined by where in each coordin…- Let be a natural number, and let and be points of Euclidean space , so that each and each is a real number. The sum is the point of defined by where in e…
Consistency of the Classical and Viscosity Notions for Functions of Class
corollarycor:viscosity-classical-consistency-2026bAnalysisPDEFor a degenerate elliptic operator and a function of class , the classical and viscosity notions of subsolution, supersolution and solution coincide.A Viscosity Subsolution or Supersolution of Class is Classical
propositionprop:viscosity-c2-implies-classical-2026bAnalysisPDEA viscosity subsolution or supersolution that happens to be of class satisfies the corresponding classical inequality; no ellipticity is needed.Classical Sub- and Supersolutions of a Degenerate Elliptic Operator are Viscosity Sub- and Supersolutions
propositionprop:classical-implies-viscosity-2026bAnalysisPDEFor a degenerate elliptic operator, a classical subsolution of class is a viscosity subsolution, and likewise for supersolutions.Comparison with the Zero Matrix in the Positive Semidefinite Ordering
lemmalem:psd-ordering-zero-matrix-2026aAnalysisLinear AlgebraLet be a natural number, let be the set of real numbers with the operations and the order of its ordered field structure, let be the set of symmetric real matrices, and let and belong to . Let deno…