Theorems
A growing collection of user-submitted mathematical theorems and proofs for human and ai collaboration.
The Good-Set Stopping Time of the Realized Control: Flow Deviation and Control Energy
lemmalem:good-set-stopping-time-2026aProbabilityAdopt the setting and notation of claims 3 and 4 of the adaptedness lemma for the realized mean-field flow, together with those of the progressive measurability lemma for the realized control on which it rests: the affine-controlled transition-rate family with compact convex cont…Causality of the Mean-Field Flow and Observation-Adaptedness of the Realized Mean-Field Flow
lemmalem:realized-mean-field-flow-adapted-2026aProbabilityAdopt the setting and notation of the flow stability lemma: an affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set , its transition-rate family with rate bound , state-Lipschitz constant…Progressive Measurability of the Realized Control with Respect to the Observation Filtration
lemmalem:realized-control-observation-progressive-2026aProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses and notation of the realized-control lemma: natural numbers , , , ; a nonempty convex subset of Euclidean space which is compact for the topology determined by the Euclidean distance, w…Conditional Mean-Square Optimality Restricted to an Event of the Conditioning Sigma-Algebra
lemmalem:conditional-mean-square-optimality-restricted-2026aProbabilityAdopt the setting and notation of the conditional mean-square optimality lemma: a probability space , a sub--algebra of , a natural number , a tuple of square-integrable random variables, a fixe…Fourth-Moment Maximal Inequality for Bounded Right-Continuous Martingales on a Compact Time Interval
theoremthm:doob-l4-right-continuous-2026aProbabilityLet be a probability space, let and be real numbers, let be a filtration on with time index restricted to , and let be a square-integrable martingale with resp…The Square of a Square-Integrable Martingale with Finite Fourth Moments is a Nonnegative Submartingale
lemmalem:martingale-square-submartingale-2026aProbabilityLet be a probability space, let be a real number, let be a filtration on with time index restricted to , and let be a square-integrable martingale with respect to…Optional Stopping for Bounded Right-Continuous Square-Integrable Martingales on a Compact Time Interval
theoremthm:optional-stopping-bounded-right-continuous-2026aProbabilityLet be a probability space, let and be real numbers, let be a filtration on with time index restricted to , and let be a square-integrable martingale with re…Stopping Times on a Compact Time Interval: Elementary Operations, the Prior Sigma-Algebra, Dyadic Approximation, Sampling, and Hitting Times
lemmalem:stopping-time-toolkit-2026aProbabilityLet be the real numbers, let be a probability space, let be real, and let be a filtration on with time index restricted to . Stopping times are those of…Process Sampled at a Random Time and Stopped Process
definitiondef:sampled-and-stopped-process-2026aProbabilityLet be a set, let be a real number, let be a family of real-valued functions on , and let be a function (a random time). The process sampled at is the real-valued function on defined…Sigma-Algebra of Events Prior to a Stopping Time
definitiondef:stopping-time-sigma-algebra-2026aProbabilityLet be a probability space, let be a real number, let be a filtration on with time index restricted to , and let be a stopping time of . The…Stopping Time of a Filtration on a Compact Time Interval
definitiondef:stopping-time-2026aProbabilityLet be a probability space, let be a real number, and let be a filtration on with time index restricted to . A stopping time of is a function…Restricted First Moments and Tail Bounds for the Martingale Part of the Empirical State Measure
lemmalem:n-agent-martingale-restricted-moments-2026aProbabilityAdopt the setting of the moment bounds for the aggregate compensated counters with agents, states, observation channels, and control dimension : a transition-rate family with control set , a nonempty subset of Euclidean space…Pointwise-in-Time Tracking of the Mean-Field Flow and Cost along the Realized Control of the Controlled N-Agent Dynamics
lemmalem:n-agent-pathwise-tracking-2026aAnalysisProbabilityAdopt the setting, hypotheses, and notation of the comparison lemma for the -agent system and the mean-field flow: the affine-controlled transition-rate family on states with control set and its transition-rate family…First-Order Expansion of the Mean-Field Cost about a Stationary Mean-Field Triple and Its Quadratic Lower Bound
lemmalem:mean-field-cost-first-order-identity-2026aAnalysisMultivariable CalculusLet , , , with rate bound , with derivative bound , , , with second-derivative bound (the open set of the cost extension, written in that definition, is written here),…Quadratic Growth of the Mean-Field Hamiltonian in the Control along a Stationary Mean-Field Triple
lemmalem:hamiltonian-quadratic-growth-2026aAnalysisMultivariable CalculusLet , , , with rate bound , with derivative bound , , , with second-derivative bound , , and be as in the definition of a stationary mean-field triple (the open set of t…Limits of Penalised Maxima on a Compact Subset of a Metric Space
lemmalem:doubling-limit-compact-metric-2026aAnalysisTopologyFor an upper semicontinuous and a nonnegative lower semicontinuous penalty on a compact set, the penalised maxima decrease to , the penalty vanishes along maximisers, and every cluster point maximises over the z…- Given upper semicontinuous summands on open sets and a test function whose difference with their sum has a local maximum, produces for each symmetric matrices that are admissible second-order test data from above for the summands, with block diagon…
Quadruple Approximable by Test-Function Data
definitiondef:approximable-by-test-data-2026aAnalysisPDEA quadruple of a point, value, vector and symmetric matrix is approximable by test data when it is the limit of data of test functions touching the function from above (or from below) at nearby points.Viscosity Inequalities Pass to Limits of Test-Function Data
lemmalem:viscosity-inequality-limit-test-data-2026bAnalysisPDEIf a second-order equation operator is continuous at a quadruple that is approximable by test data from above for a viscosity subsolution, the subsolution inequality holds at that quadruple; symmetrically from below for a supersolution.The Set of Symmetric Real Matrices is a Metric Space
lemmalem:symmetric-matrix-distance-is-metric-2026aAnalysisTopologyLinear AlgebraLet be a natural number, let be the set of symmetric real matrices, and let be the distance between symmetric real matrices. Then is a metric on , so that…